Protect Your Vision After 50: Screen for Macular Degeneration

The macula is the center part of your retina (the retina is the light-sensitive part in the back of your eye). The macula is what gives you all of your sharp, central vision.  

In some people, the macular tissue can start to slowly die. As it dies, your vision becomes less sharp. There are two main types of macular degeneration: 

• Dry macular degeneration: This is the most common. Parts of the macula get thinner and little clumps of protein grow. This causes you to lose vision slowly. 
• Wet macular degeneration: This is less common but more serious. Abnormal vessels start to grow in the macular area and can leak blood and cause scarring. Vision loss happens much faster with the wet type. About 20% of people with dry macular degeneration will develop wet macular degeneration. 

You can have the beginnings of macular degeneration and not know it. By the time you begin to lose sharpness in your vision, it can be too late. It’s called age-related macular degeneration for a reason. Age is the biggest risk factor. 

By the time you turn 50, you should be getting screened for macular degeneration at least every 3 years. By the time you’re 60, those screenings should happen every other year. 

The only way to truly screen for macular degeneration is with a dilated eye exam. It’s an easy, non-invasive exam your eye doctor can do in the office. 

Aside from age, other risk factors for macular degeneration are: 

• Having lighter-colored eyes 
• Being white 
• Smoking 
• Having hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Family history of macular degeneration 

There are some treatments, but they are very specific to the type and stage of macular degeneration.  

• Special vitamins can decrease the risk of dry macular degeneration progressing to wet macular degeneration. 
• For wet macular degeneration, several medicines have come out in the last 15 to 20 years. These are given as periodic injections into the eye. If they are done in a timely manner — before the problem progresses too far — they can bring back vision someone has lost. 
• There are also some newer injectable medicines that have been approved for the advanced dry form of macular degeneration as well. 

You may not be able to prevent age-related macular degeneration, but you can control certain risk factors (like not smoking) and get your screenings.